翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Old man smell ・ Old Man Willow ・ Old Man Winter ・ Old Man with a Gold Chain ・ Old man's beard ・ Old man's beard in New Zealand ・ Old Man's Bridge ・ Old man's car ・ Old Man's Cave ・ Old Man's Child ・ Old Man's Hope ・ Old Man's Lake ・ Old Man's War ・ Old Man's War series ・ Old Manatee County Courthouse ・ Old Mandarin ・ Old Manor Farm, Marple ・ Old Manor Hospital, Salisbury ・ Old Mans Head ・ Old Manse (Miami University) ・ Old Mansion ・ Old Mao's Second Spring ・ Old Marengo County Courthouse ・ Old Marine Hospital ・ Old Marion County Courthouse (Tazewell, Georgia) ・ Old Mariscal Sucre International Airport ・ Old Market ・ Old Market (Omaha, Nebraska) ・ Old Market Building (Georgetown, South Carolina) ・ Old Market Hall Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Old Mandarin ： ウィキペディア英語版 Old Mandarin Old Mandarin () or Early Mandarin () was the speech of northern China during the Jin and Yuan dynasties (12th to 14th centuries). New genres of vernacular literature were based on this language, including verse, drama and story forms, such as the ''qu'' and ''sanqu''. The phonology of Old Mandarin has been inferred from the 'Phags-pa script, an alphabet created in 1269 for several languages of the Mongol empire, including Chinese, and from two rime dictionaries, the ''Menggu Ziyun'' (1308) and the ''Zhongyuan Yinyun'' (1324). The rhyme books differ in some details but show many of the features characteristic of modern Mandarin dialects, such as the reduction and disappearance of final stops and the reorganization of the four tones of Middle Chinese. == Name == The name "Mandarin", as a direct translation of the Chinese ''Guānhuà'' (官話, "language of the officials"), was initially applied to the lingua franca of the Ming and Qing dynasties, which was based on various northern dialects. It has since been extended to both Standard Chinese and related northern dialects from the 12th century to the present. The language was called ''Hàn'ér yányǔ'' (漢兒言語, "''Hàn'ér'' language") or ''Hànyǔ'' in the Korean Chinese-language textbook ''Nogeoldae'', after the name ''Hàn'ér'' or ''Hànrén'' used by the Mongols for their subjects in the northern area formerly ruled by the Jin, in contrast to ''Nánrén'' for those formerly under the Southern Song dynasty. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Old Mandarin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.